Connecting Scent to Emotions and Memories
Unique Olfactory Pathway: The sense of smell is uniquely powerful because olfactory signals travel directly to the brain's limbic system (amygdala and hippocampus), which are centers for emotion and memory, bypassing the usual processing routes of other senses.
The "Proust Effect": This direct connection explains why scents can trigger vivid, emotionally charged, and often involuntary memories, a phenomenon known as the "Proust Effect". These odor-evoked memories are often more emotional, vivid, and pertain to older experiences than those triggered by other senses.
Psychological Benefits: Scents linked to positive memories can enhance mood, reduce negative emotions, alleviate cravings, and decrease stress. Common scents like vanilla evoke comfort, citrus uplifts, and lavender calms.
Contribution to Well-being: Odor-linked memories contribute to overall well-being by boosting self-esteem, improving social interactions, fostering optimism, and providing a "much-needed escape".
Personal and Cultural Variations: While the brain's processing of scent is universal, specific scent associations are highly individual and influenced by personal experiences and cultural backgrounds.
Scented Soap Example: Products like goat milk soap use fragrances such as fresh-cut grass, ocean air, tropical notes (coconut, pineapple), baked goods (vanilla, peach pie, gingerbread), or specific florals (jasmine, lilac) to evoke positive memories of summer fun or holidays, enhancing the product experience .
Read the full report below 👇
The Olfactory Tapestry: Scent, Memory, and the Evocation of Positive Experiences
Executive Summary
The human sense of smell possesses an unparalleled ability to evoke vivid, emotionally charged memories, a phenomenon often termed the "Proust Effect." This report delves into the intricate connection between scent and positive recollections, exploring the unique neurobiological pathways that underpin this powerful association. Olfactory information takes a direct route to the brain's emotion and memory centers, bypassing the extensive processing typical of other senses, which explains its immediate and profound impact. The report examines the significant psychological benefits derived from these scent-memory connections, including enhanced mood, reduced stress, and an improved sense of well-being. Furthermore, it highlights the strategic application of these principles in consumer product marketing, illustrating how products like goat milk soap can leverage specific fragrances to transport individuals back to cherished moments of summer fun or holidays, thereby enriching the user experience and fostering deeper brand connections.
1. Introduction: The Olfactory Gateway to Memory and Emotion
1.1. The Unique Power of Scent in Human Experience
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is a fundamental aspect of how mammals, including humans, perceive and interact with their environment. It enables the detection and storage of odors as memory representations, playing a crucial role in navigating the world.1 Olfaction is frequently characterized as the most "primitive" sensory system due to its early evolutionary development and its direct neural connections to older, subconscious regions of the brain.2 This evolutionary precedence suggests a deep, fundamental role in survival and interaction with the environment, influencing behaviors such as identifying predators, locating food, and recognizing individuals for social interactions.3
What sets olfaction apart from other senses is its unique, direct anatomical pathway to the brain's emotion and memory centers. Unlike visual, auditory, or tactile information, which typically undergoes extensive processing via the thalamus before reaching conscious awareness and memory areas, olfactory signals take a more direct route.4 Incoming smells are first processed by the olfactory bulb, a structure at the front of the brain, which then sends information directly to the limbic system, particularly the amygdala and the hippocampal formation.3 This direct neural pathway explains why scent-evoked memories are so potent and often pre-cognitive. It allows for an immediate, unfiltered emotional response, frequently occurring before an individual can even consciously identify the odor.2 This means that individuals can be flooded with the emotion originally associated with a scent before they can recall the specific memory that triggered it.9 This directness is understood to be a legacy of its evolutionary importance, allowing rapid, instinctual reactions to environmental cues that were vital for survival.
1.2. The "Proust Phenomenon" as a Paradigm of Involuntary Memory
The profound connection between scent and memory is famously encapsulated by the "Proust phenomenon," also known as the "Proust effect" or "Proustian memory." This term describes the powerful experience where an odor triggers the involuntary recollection of a meaningful past event, often with remarkable clarity and intense emotional resonance.6 The concept originates from Marcel Proust's seminal novel, "À la recherche du temps perdu" (In Search of Lost Time), where the narrator, Marcel, is suddenly transported back to his childhood by the taste of a madeleine biscuit dipped in Linden tea.9 This literary anecdote vividly illustrates the profound impact that seemingly simple sensory cues can have on our memory and emotional landscape.
From a psychological perspective, the Proust phenomenon is a prime example of "involuntary memory." Unlike voluntary memories, which are consciously sought out and recalled, involuntary memories arise spontaneously and are typically more vivid and emotionally charged.16 The fact that these memories arise without conscious effort and are often more intense than recollections deliberately retrieved suggests a fundamental, hard-wired aspect of human memory. This mechanism points to a non-conscious pathway to memory recall, one that is less susceptible to conscious suppression or distortion. As such, these deeply embedded recollections, triggered by scent, often feel particularly authentic and impactful, underscoring the deep, often subconscious, influence of olfaction on our psychological landscape.
2. The Neurobiological Basis of Scent-Evoked Memories
2.1. The Direct Olfactory Pathway to Emotion and Memory Centers
The unique potency of scent in triggering memories is rooted in the distinctive neuroanatomy of the olfactory system. When an individual inhales an odor, the incoming smell information is first processed by the olfactory bulb (OB).1 This neural structure, located in the forebrain, acts as the primary relay station for olfactory signals. Crucially, the olfactory bulb possesses direct and robust connections to several key telencephalic structures that form part of the limbic system, a network of brain regions intimately involved in emotion, motivation, and memory.1
Prominent among these connections are the piriform cortex, the amygdala, and the hippocampal formation. The piriform cortex, a component of the primary olfactory cortex, is essential for the permanent storage of olfactory memories and plays a significant role in establishing emotional associations with specific odors.1 The amygdala is a central structure within the limbic system, deeply involved in processing emotional experiences, forming emotional responses—particularly those related to fear—and encoding emotional memories.1 Functional imaging studies have consistently demonstrated heightened amygdala activation during odor processing, especially in response to high-intensity odorants.21 The hippocampus, another critical limbic structure, is vital for associative learning, indexing, and storing both short-term and long-term memories. It is instrumental in the creation and retrieval of these memories, playing a crucial role in memory consolidation.1 Additionally, the hypothalamus, also part of the limbic system, contributes to this intricate network by regulating emotional responses.2 This direct wiring, which bypasses the thalamic relay common to other sensory systems, is the fundamental anatomical explanation for scent's unique power in triggering emotional memories.4 This structural distinction means olfactory signals access emotion and memory centers more immediately and profoundly than other sensory inputs, leading to the rapid and visceral memory recall characteristic of the Proust phenomenon.
2.2. Olfactory Memory Formation and Characteristics
The formation of olfactory memories is a dynamic process, with the hippocampus playing a central role in "filing" emotional memories linked to specific scents, potentially storing them indefinitely.9 These emotional memories, triggered by scent, are formally known as odor-evoked autobiographical memories (OEAMs).9 They frequently originate from early life, often before the age of 10, and are typically accompanied by a powerful sensation of "being brought back in time" to the original event.4
Research consistently demonstrates that odor-evoked memories possess distinct characteristics that set them apart from memories triggered by other sensory cues, such as visual or verbal stimuli. They are reported to be more emotional, more vivid, and often pertain to older experiences.4 Studies have shown that these memories activate the neurobiological substrates of emotional processing more intensely than recollections prompted by other modalities.6 Furthermore, the olfactory components of autobiographical memories exhibit remarkable resilience, persisting despite the degradation of other sensory memory cues from the same experience.17 This observation, that odor-evoked memories are often older and more resilient than those triggered by other senses, suggests a fundamental role for olfaction in early developmental memory encoding and long-term memory retention. This durability of olfactory memory implies that early life experiences, particularly those with strong emotional valence, are deeply imprinted through scent, providing a robust foundation for memory formation and making scent a powerful tool for accessing deeply rooted personal histories and emotional states. The efficiency of this system is also evident in rapid, emotional learning processes, such as fear conditioning, where a neutral odor can quickly become associated with a threatening situation, demonstrating the olfactory system's crucial role in survival behaviors.4
3. The Pleasure and Importance of Scent-Memory Connections
3.1. Psychological Benefits and Emotional Regulation
The connection between scent and memory extends beyond mere recall, offering significant psychological benefits and contributing to emotional regulation. Odors that evoke positive autobiographical memories have the potential to enhance positive emotions, alleviate negative mood states, disrupt cravings, and even reduce physiological indicators of stress.6 Scents possess a remarkable capacity to influence moods and attitudes, often doing so without conscious awareness.6 This ability to modulate mood and emotional states, even subconsciously, extends the utility of scents beyond simple memory recall. It suggests that scent can serve as a powerful, non-pharmacological tool for emotional regulation and psychological well-being. The direct neural connection of olfaction to the limbic system means these effects are often immediate and visceral, offering a unique avenue for therapeutic applications or simply enhancing daily life by influencing current emotional states.
Common scents are frequently associated with specific emotional responses. For instance, vanilla is widely recognized for evoking feelings of warmth and comfort, often linked to home-baked treats or cozy environments.9 Citrus scents, such as lemon, orange, and grapefruit, are known for their uplifting and energizing qualities, often associated with freshness, cleanliness, and mental clarity.6 Lavender, on the other hand, is widely used for its calming and soothing properties, promoting relaxation and reducing stress and anxiety.6 Other scents like peppermint can be energizing and improve focus, while rosemary is uplifting and stress-reducing.11 These associations highlight the profound impact scents can have on an individual's psychological state.
3.2. Contribution to Well-being and Mental Health
Odor-linked memories are not merely nostalgic; they actively contribute to overall human health and psychological well-being. Studies indicate that these emotional experiences can uplift mental states, boosting self-esteem, improving social interactions, and fostering a sense of optimism.6 Beyond these positive emotional shifts, scent-related memories have been shown to influence behavior, for example, by motivating individuals to quit adverse habits. Research has demonstrated that when smokers evoked pleasant odor-related memories, their cigarette cravings decreased.6
The capacity of scents to transport individuals back to cherished moments can also serve as a "much-needed escape," evoking feelings of joy and personal growth associated with those past experiences.23 In times of grief, the comfort of a familiar scent can provide a welcome respite, helping individuals feel closer to departed loved ones and honoring their memory.24 The profound impact of scent on mental health and well-being, including its potential to reduce stress, improve mood, and even curb cravings, positions olfaction as a significant, yet often underestimated, factor in holistic health. This extends beyond simple pleasure, suggesting a direct link to neurochemical processes that support psychological resilience. Furthermore, the ability to intentionally create new positive associations through a process known as "odor conditioning" underscores the adaptive potential of this sensory system for therapeutic interventions and personal development.7 For example, consistently pairing a new essential oil blend with positive experiences, such as during labor, on a wedding day, or during special events, can establish new, beneficial scent-memory connections that support emotional well-being and self-regulation.7
3.3. Personal and Cultural Variations in Scent Association
While the neurobiological pathways for scent processing are universal, the specific associations and emotional responses to odors are highly individualistic and culturally influenced. Each person's unique experiences shape how they respond to different smells.9 For instance, if lavender was consistently present during bedtime as a child, an individual might associate it with calmness and relaxation. However, if lavender was primarily encountered at a childhood friend's home, that same scent could trigger memories related to that friend or their house instead.9 This highlights how the unique personal history of each individual creates distinct scent associations, even for the same aroma.
Beyond individual experiences, cultural backgrounds also significantly influence scent perception and memory associations.12 Throughout history, scents have held varying meanings and uses across different cultures. For example, in ancient Egypt, fragrant oils were used for anointing bodies for the afterlife, while in Japan, the Kodo ritual involves incense-smelling.28 In some cultures, specific scents are imbued with symbolic meanings; for the Chinese, a burnt smell might relate to the element of fire, while certain African cultures find the odor of cattle attractive due to its connotation of fertility and social status.28 Researchers have found that babies are initially indifferent to scents, with odor-associative learning, influenced by how one feels when first encountering a scent, determining its later perception.28 The highly personal and culturally influenced nature of scent associations means that while the underlying neurobiological pathways are consistent across individuals, the specific meaning and emotional valence assigned to a particular scent are learned and deeply individualized. This explains why a commonly perceived "clean" scent like citrus might evoke different nuances of comfort or cleanliness across various individuals or cultural contexts.28 This interplay between innate biological wiring and environmental learning underscores that effective use of scent, particularly in commercial or therapeutic contexts, requires an understanding of diverse individual and cultural backgrounds.
4. Applications in Consumer Products: The Case of Scented Soap
4.1. Leveraging Scent for Positive Brand Association
The profound connection between scent, emotion, and memory has been strategically leveraged in the realm of consumer products through scent marketing. This approach involves the deliberate use of fragrance to establish emotional connections between a brand and its customers, thereby influencing consumer behavior.30 The unique aspect of scent marketing lies in its ability to bypass the rational parts of the brain, directly stimulating the limbic system for immediate and powerful connections with consumers.30
Scents are demonstrably tied to long-term memory, with studies indicating that people are significantly more likely to recall a scent (with 65% accuracy after a year) compared to images (50% accuracy after three months) or other sensory cues.30 This enduring recall makes scent a potent tool for brand recognition and loyalty. The remarkable efficacy of scent marketing, particularly its ability to bypass rational processing and directly influence emotions and long-term memory, transforms it from a mere aesthetic addition to a powerful strategic tool. This suggests that brands can cultivate deep, subconscious loyalty and enhance consumer experiences by carefully curating olfactory environments and product scents. The direct neural pathway of smell means these associations are often more enduring and impactful than those formed through other sensory modalities, offering a unique competitive advantage. Real-world examples underscore this impact: Hershey's saw a 34% jump in sales after adding chocolate scenting to its Times Square store, and a study showed customers were 80% more likely to purchase Nike shoes when encountered in a scented room.33 Businesses can also use scent to evoke nostalgia, a powerful emotional driver for purchasing decisions, by diffusing scents reminiscent of cozy holiday memories or childhood homes.34
4.2. Scented Goat Milk Soap: Evoking Summer Fun and Holidays
Applying the principles of scent-memory connections, consumer goods like goat milk soap can be designed to evoke specific positive memories, such as those associated with summer fun or holidays. The selection of fragrances for these products goes beyond mere pleasantness; it aims to tap into the rich internal library of scents that individuals have built through their life experiences.36
For instance, goat milk soaps can incorporate scents that commonly evoke feelings of summer and carefree fun. Examples include fresh-cut grass, reminiscent of childhood outdoor play 37; ocean or sea air, conjuring images of beaches and vacations 39; and tropical notes like coconut, pineapple, peach, or melon.9 Sweet, playful scents such as bubblegum, cotton candy, or strawberry ice cream can transport users back to carnival experiences or early birthdays.22 Citrus scents like lemon or orange also evoke a sense of energy and freshness associated with warm weather.9
Similarly, scents linked to holidays and comfort can be integrated. Fragrances like baked goods, pure vanilla, peach pie, or gingerbread can bring back memories of family gatherings, holiday celebrations, and cozy moments in the kitchen.9 The warming scent of a fireplace or bonfire, or notes of cinnamon and cloves, can evoke feelings of warmth and comfort associated with winter holidays.14 Even specific floral notes like jasmine or lilac can trigger memories of a grandmother's garden or particular festive occasions, depending on individual associations.26
The practical application of scent-memory connections in consumer products, exemplified by goat milk soap, demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of human psychology. By intentionally designing product scents to align with common positive associations (e.g., summer, holidays), manufacturers can transform a mundane item into a multi-sensory experience that fosters emotional well-being and strengthens brand affinity.9 This strategic use of olfaction allows products to become "emotional time machines" 25, delivering not just utility but also moments of comfort, joy, and nostalgia, thereby increasing perceived value and fostering customer loyalty. When a consumer uses a goat milk soap scented with "Ocean" or "Coconut," they are not just cleansing their skin; they are engaging in a micro-experience that can momentarily transport them to a cherished beach vacation, enhancing the product experience beyond its functional use.40
5. Conclusions and Implications
The connection between scent and positive memories is a powerful and deeply ingrained aspect of human experience, rooted in the unique neurobiological architecture of the olfactory system. The direct pathway of olfactory information to the limbic system, bypassing the thalamus, provides a robust explanation for why scents evoke memories that are often more vivid, emotional, and older than those triggered by other senses. This mechanism, famously illustrated by the "Proust Phenomenon," underscores the involuntary and visceral nature of these recollections, highlighting a fundamental, hard-wired aspect of human memory that operates beyond conscious control.
The pleasure derived from these scent-memory connections translates into tangible psychological benefits, including enhanced positive emotions, reduced stress, and an overall improvement in well-being. The ability of specific scents to modulate mood, even subconsciously, positions olfaction as a significant tool for emotional regulation and mental health support. While the neurobiological underpinnings are universal, the specific emotional valence and meaning of scents are profoundly shaped by individual experiences and cultural contexts, emphasizing the personalized nature of scent perception.
In the commercial sphere, understanding these principles has led to effective scent marketing strategies. By leveraging the direct link between scent and the brain's emotion and memory centers, businesses can create powerful, lasting brand associations that influence consumer behavior, enhance customer experience, and foster loyalty. The example of scented goat milk soap illustrates how a seemingly simple product can be transformed into a vehicle for positive emotional recall. By carefully selecting fragrances that evoke cherished memories of summer fun, holidays, or comforting moments, manufacturers can offer consumers more than just a functional item; they provide an immersive sensory experience that taps into deep emotional reservoirs, thereby increasing perceived value and strengthening brand affinity.
Continued exploration of olfactory science holds significant implications for various fields, from therapeutic interventions for mood disorders and memory care to innovative approaches in marketing and product design. The profound and often underestimated power of scent remains a fertile ground for enhancing human well-being and enriching daily life.
Works cited
Olfactory neurogenesis and its role in fear memory modulation - Frontiers, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/behavioral-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1278324/full
Olfactory Cortex - Physiopedia, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.physio-pedia.com/Olfactory_Cortex
Memory of Scent ~ the Science of Emotion - Argentum Apothecary, accessed June 25, 2025, https://argentum.com/blogs/the-journal/memory-of-scent-the-science-of-emotion
Memory and Plasticity in the Olfactory System: From Infancy to Adulthood - The Neurobiology of Olfaction - NCBI, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK55967/
Olfactory memory networks: from emotional learning to social behaviors - Frontiers, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/behavioral-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00036/full
The Psychology of Smell - Remedy Psychiatry, Inc, accessed June 25, 2025, https://remedypsychiatry.com/the-psychology-of-smell/
The Power of Scent in Evoking Memories — Science of Essentials, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.scienceofessentials.com/blog/scent-and-memory
Olfactory memory networks: from emotional learning to social behaviors - PMC, accessed June 25, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4330889/
The Psychology of Scent - CandleScience, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.candlescience.com/the-psychology-of-scent/
news.harvard.edu, accessed June 25, 2025, https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/02/how-scent-emotion-and-memory-are-intertwined-and-exploited/#:~:text=Smells%20are%20handled%20by%20the,related%20to%20emotion%20and%20memory.
How Fragrances Affect Your Mood: Understanding the Power of Scents I MAISON 21G, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.maison21g.com/articles/how-fragrances-affect-your-mood-understanding-the-power-of-scents
The Psychology of Scent: How Fragrances Shape Mood and ..., accessed June 25, 2025, https://pocketscents.co.uk/blogs/news/the-psychology-of-scent-how-fragrances-shape-mood-and-memory
The Power of Smell - A Sensory Life!, accessed June 25, 2025, http://asensorylife.com/the-power-of-smell.html
The Link Between Scents and Nostalgic Memories - Frostbeard Studio, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.frostbeardstudio.com/blogs/news/the-link-between-scents-and-nostalgic-memories
The Role of Odor-Evoked Memory in Psychological and Physiological Health - PMC, accessed June 25, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5039451/
What is the Proust Effect? - Zaluti, accessed June 25, 2025, https://zaluti.com/proust-effect/
Pavlovian Olfactory Fear Conditioning: Its Neural Circuity and Importance for Understanding Clinical Fear-Based Disorders - Frontiers, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2019.00221/full
Madeleines and memories - the Proust Effect - YouTube, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MKb7SrnaI0&pp=0gcJCf0Ao7VqN5tD
Smells Ring Bells: How Smell Triggers Memories and Emotions | Psychology Today, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/brain-babble/201501/smells-ring-bells-how-smell-triggers-memories-and-emotions
Olfactory bulb - Wikipedia, accessed June 25, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_bulb
A Specific Role for the Human Amygdala in Olfactory Memory - PMC, accessed June 25, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC217997/
Psychological Implications of Nostalgic Scents of Childhood - Scientific Research Publishing, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=106292
The Science of Nostalgic Feelings: How Scents Trigger Powerful ..., accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.illuminateapothecary.com/post/the-science-of-nostalgic-feelings
How Scent Can Trigger Your Memory: Remembering Loved Ones, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.thegardens.com/how-scents-tie-to-memories/
Scent and Storytelling: How Perfumes Evoke Emotions and Memories, accessed June 25, 2025, https://ramsonsperfumes.com/blogs/news/scent-and-storytelling-how-perfumes-evoke-emotions-and-memories
The Magic of Fragrance and Nostalgia - R. Rebellion, accessed June 25, 2025, https://rrebellion.com/blogs/news/the-magic-of-fragrance-and-nostalgia
(PDF) Olfactory Conditioning of Positive Performance in Humans - ResearchGate, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5994606_Olfactory_Conditioning_of_Positive_Performance_in_Humans
Do Scents evoke the Same Feelings Across Cultures?, accessed June 25, 2025, https://text2fa.ir/wp-content/uploads/Text2fa.ir-Do-Scents-evoke-the-Same-2-1.pdf
Past, Present and Future of Scent Cultures | Escentric Molecules, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.escentric.com/blogs/news/the-future-of-scent
The Transformative Power of Scent Marketing in Modern Business, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.maison21g.com/articles/the-transformative-power-of-scent-marketing-in-modern-business
Leveraging Scented Products in Promotional Gifting - GiftUp, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.giftup.eu/blog/leveraging-scented-products-in-promotional-gifting/
How Scent Marketing Influences Customer Emotions - Equal Strategy, accessed June 25, 2025, https://equalstrategy.com/scent/how-scent-marketing-influences-customer-emotions/
Scent Marketing Facts: Appeal to Customer Emotions Through Their ..., accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.rochestermidland.com/wellbeinghygieneblog/scent-marketing-appeal-to-customer-emotions-through-their-nose
Creating A Sensory Experience To Boost Customer Engagement - Forbes, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.forbes.com/councils/forbesbusinesscouncil/2025/06/24/creating-a-sensory-experience-to-boost-customer-engagement/
Sensory Marketing | How Brands Use the 5 Senses - Promodo, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.promodo.com/blog/sensory-marketing
Goat Milk Soap - By Scent - The Old Colony Company, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.theoldcolony.com/Goat-Milk-Soap--By-Scent_c_10.html
Nostalgic Fragrances That Take You Back to Childhood - NewBeauty, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.newbeauty.com/nostalgic-fragrances/
The Sweet Scent of Summer Memories - AcreageLife, accessed June 25, 2025, https://acreagelife.com/lifestyle/the-sweet-scent-of-summer-memories/
Fragrances that remind you of childhood memories/places? - Reddit, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/fragrance/comments/1innebf/fragrances_that_remind_you_of_childhood/
Scent Descriptions - Goat Milk Stuff, accessed June 25, 2025, https://goatmilkstuff.com/pages/goat-milk-soap-scent-descriptions
Types of Scents & Choosing a Body Wash Scent - Dial® Soap, accessed June 25, 2025, https://www.dialsoap.com/tips-and-news/guide-to-body-wash-scents-types-of-scents-and-how-to-choose.html
Top 17 Soap Making Fragrances Popular Definitive List, Best Sellers, accessed June 25, 2025, https://thesoapguy.com/pages/top-17-soap-making-fragrances-popular-definitive-list-best-sellers
The Power of Scent and the Art of Memory - Saint Morgan, accessed June 25, 2025, https://saintmorgan.com/blogs/news/the-power-of-scent-and-the-art-of-memory
